© Kervin Prayag

Red-Winged Starling Project
As temperatures rise, cities are becoming thermal hotspots that challenge even highly adaptable species. We study how red-winged starlings cope with extreme heat in cities, using them as a model for understanding wildlife responses to urban heat islands and climate change.
🌞 https://hbresearchproject.wixsite.com/hbresearchproject
This project focuses on the behaviour and body condition of red-winged starlings living in hot urban environments, where heat stress shapes daily activity, foraging decisions, and energy expenditure. By comparing weekdays and weekends, we explore the “weekend effect” - how reduced human activity alters access to food and disturbance levels - and how birds balance the competing demands of thermoregulation and foraging under extreme temperatures.
Using habituation to close human observation and behavioural training, individual starlings are encouraged to voluntarily hop onto electronic scales, allowing repeated, non-invasive measurements of body mass over time. Combined with fine-scale temperature and weather data, these measurements reveal how birds trade off food intake against heat avoidance, and how these decisions affect body condition. This approach provides rare insights into how urban birds cope with thermal stress and helps predict wildlife responses to ongoing climate warming in cities.
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Nhlapo K, Cunningham SJ, Sumasgutner P, Ganswindt A, McKechnie AE, Ngcamphalala CA (2025): High human presence is correlated with reduced faecal glucocorticoid metabolite levels in an urban bird population. Hormones and Behavior 170: 105724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2025.105724
Sumasgutner P, Cunningham SJ, Hegemann A, Amar A, Watson H, Nilsson J, Andersson MN, Isaksson C (2023): Interactive effects of raising temperatures and urbanisation on birds across different climate zones: a mechanistic perspective. REVIEW Global Change Biology 29: 9. Doi: 10.1111/gcb.16645
Stofberg M, Amar A, Sumasgutner P, Cunningham SJ (2022): Staying cool and eating junk: Influence of heat dissipation and anthropogenic food on foraging and body condition in an urban passerine. Landscape and Urban Planning Doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104465
Stofberg M, Cunningham S, Sumasgutner P, Amar A (2019): Juggling a “junk food” diet: Responses of an urban bird to fluctuating anthropogenic-food availability. Urban Ecosystems 22: 1019–1026. Doi: 10.1007/s11252-019-00885-3






